Independence and decolonization in Southern Africa After the war the imperial powers were under strong international pressure to decolonize. After World War II, European countries generally lacked the wealth and political support necessary to suppress faraway revolts; they Postcolonial leaders employed various strategies. For these reasons, we tend to study these two . Note however discussion of (for example) the Russian and Nazi empires below. So how did former colonies approach the task of creating competent, stable, and representative governments? Many other countries have turned to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fundor, more recently, to Chinafor such funding. Throughout the Cold War, the two superpowers waged proxy wars in countries such as Afghanistan, Angola, El Salvador, Guatemala, Korea, and Nicaragua. In 1935, the Philippines transitioned out of territorial status, controlled by an appointed governor, to the semi-independent status of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. But when local leaders stood in the way, the United States and the Soviet Union periodically carried out assassinations, including of Congolese Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba and Afghan President Hafizullah Amin. 2017-2023 Council on Foreign Relations. The colonies remained independent during the war, while Belgium itself was occupied by the Germans. So after centuries of colonialism, what finally prompted the breakup of these powerful, continent-spanning empires following World War II? Ultimately, these countries could not garner enough support for their vision and instead settled for the creation of a less powerful organization called the Organization of African Unitya forerunner to todays African Union. Britain left India in 1947, Palestine in 1948, and Egypt in 1956; it withdrew from Africa in the 1950s and 60s, from various island protectorates in the 1970s and 80s, and from Hong Kong in 1997. Germany, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire all lost their colonial claims with Great Britain and France receiving the lion's share of their holdings. Colonialism was both pervasive and persistent. The 1990s were characterized by the prevalence of the Washington consensus on neoliberal policies, "structural adjustment" and "shock therapies" for the former Communist states. John Kenneth Galbraith argues that the postWorld War II decolonization was brought about for economic reasons. Source: Keystone-France/Gamma-Keystone via Getty Images. Why did Africa decolonize after World War II? In 1945, more than 150 years after the U.S. After World War II, enhanced mobilization ability by subject populations exacerbated these vulnerabilities .
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